What vulnerability involves an attacker exploiting session management functions?

Timeout exploitation is a vulnerability where an attacker takes advantage of ineffective session management, particularly when session timeouts are inappropriately configured. This scenario often occurs when a web application does not enforce valid timeout intervals or fails to properly manage user sessions after periods of inactivity. As a result, an attacker can potentially hijack an active session that has not expired, allowing them unauthorized access to the user's session and the data associated with it.

Effectively, session management is critical in ensuring that user sessions are secure and that inactive sessions are expired to prevent attackers from exploiting them. This kind of vulnerability highlights the importance of properly configuring session timeouts and ensuring there are mechanisms in place to handle user sessions securely.

While the other options pertain to various forms of exploitation or security concerns, they do not specifically relate to session management functions in the same manner. For instance, session ID in URLs relates to another aspect of session handling, but does not directly address the exploitation through session expiration. Similarly, I/O exploitation and password exploitation involve different vectors of attack that do not focus exclusively on session management vulnerabilities.